A consort of instruments was a phrase used in England during the 16th and 17th centuries to indicate an instrumental ensemble. These could consist of the same or a variety of instruments. Consort music enjoyed considerable popularity at court and in the households of the wealthy in the Elizabethan era, and many pieces were written for consorts by the major composers of the period. In the Baroque music era, consort music was absorbed into chamber music.
Definitions and forms
The earliest documented example of the English word 'consort' in a musical sense is in George Gascoigne’s
The Princelye Pleasures (1576).
[Warwick Edwards, "Consort", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (New York: Grove's Dictionaries, 2001).] Only from the mid-17th century has there been a clear distinction made between a
‘whole’, or ‘closed’ consort, that is, all instruments of the same family (for example, a set of
played together) and a
‘mixed’, or Broken consort, consisting of instruments from various families (for example viols and
lute).
[David D. Boyden, "When Is a Concerto Not a Concerto?" (Subscription Access), The Musical Quarterly 43, no. 2 (April 1957): 220–32 (citation on pp. 228–29); S. Sadie and Alison Latham, The Cambridge Music Guide (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 136; P. Holman. Four and Twenty Fiddlers: The Violin at the English Court, 1540–1690 (Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 275.]
Major forms of music composed for consorts included fantasias, cantus firmus settings (including In Nomine), variations, dances or ayres, and fantasia suites.[J. H. Baron, Chamber Music: A Research and Information Guide, 2nd revised edition (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 133. ]
Major composers
Composers of consort music during the
Elizabethan era include
John Dowland,
Anthony Holborne,
Osbert Parsley, and
William Byrd. The principal
Jacobean era composers included
Thomas Lupo,
Orlando Gibbons,
John Coprario, and Alfonso Ferrabosco.
William Lawes was a principal composer during the
Caroline era. Later 17th-century composers included John Jenkins, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke and
Henry Purcell.
Modern consorts
In modern times, a number of ensembles have adopted the term "consort" in their names:
See also
Notes
External links
